Where The Sidewalk Ends Analysis Essay - 1159 Words

Bersche 1 Ethan Bersche Mr. Wright ENG4U March 20, 2015 Where does the Sidewalk End? An Analysis of Where the Sidewalk Ends by Shel Silverstein People are drawn to poetry because it uses words to express emotions that most people can only feel. The greatest poems tell stories that readers wish to be true. They open doors to worlds of which readers desire to be a part. Most North-American homes are blessed with one of Shel Silversteins award winning poetry books. His poem Where the Sidewalk Ends is arguably the best poem of all time. In just three short but powerful stanzas, Silverstein is able to create that longing in readers that makes poems great. He accomplishes this through his masterful use of sound and sense, form, and symbolism†¦show more content†¦These alliterations are used to emphasize the contrast between the polluted place where the reader is, and the beautiful green place full of growth which their imagination wants them to inhabit. Another one of the most important aspects of a great poem, is it’s form. The author’s ability to arrange a poem can greatly add to, or takeaway from, its overall effectiveness. In Where the Sidewalk Ends, Silverstein does an excellent job of using form to his advantage. This open formed poem does not have a fancy name like Viator or Limerick, and does not have to follow any set pattern. This allows Silverstein to have as much creative control as he would like, allowing him to arrange his words freely and in the most effective way. The great William Shakespeare once said that, â€Å"brevity is the soul of wit† (Hamlet 2.2.90). In other words, keeping things brief can be very effective. Silverstein clearly understands the power of brevity. He is able create an incredible new world and convey a powerful message of nature and imagination using only three short stanzas. By keeping it short he also allows the reader to interpret the poem however they wish and leaves more room for their imaginations. They are able to create this magical place in their minds and perfectly customize it to their ideals, making them long even more for it to be a reality. Where the Sidewalk Ends is alsoShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Where The Sidewalk Ends A Poem Analysis1275 Words   |  6 PagesResearch Paper and Poem Analysis: Shel Silverstein â€Å"Where the Sidewalk Ends† A poem analysis Have you ever been scared to cross the street when you were a child? Have you ever sat and stared at the paint that is on the road and wondered if that is what is keeping you safe? Shel Silverstein’s poem, â€Å"Where the Sidewalk Ends† a three stanza poem, and is in the view of a child. It is very descriptive about what the child is seeing also. I believe that Silverstein was trying to get kids to understandRead MorePoem Analysis : Where The Sidewalk Ends 1025 Words   |  5 PagesSeptember 2015 Poem Explication: Shel Silverstien on â€Å"Where the Sidewalk Ends† Sheldon (Shel) Silverstien was an American poet, children s book author, cartoonist, and so much more. His books alone have sold over 20 million copies as of September 10th 2015. â€Å"Where the Sidewalk Ends† (published in 1974 as a children s poetry collection) is the book I have chosen to analyze some his works. I chose the actual poem â€Å"Where the Sidewalk Ends† from this collection. I will be analyzing the structureRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Where The Sidewalk Ends 1273 Words   |  6 Pages Shel Silverstein is a notable writer, made famous for his poems that were geared towards children. One of his most famous poems, â€Å"Where the Sidewalk Ends† shares the title with what may be his most well-known book. This poem is a very meticulously worded work, and although it may be published in a children’s book, it can be understood and very meaningful to older generations. This piece has a depth and wisdom that may be well beyond the comprehension of young minds, and it can be interpretedRead MoreWhat Is Object Detection In Unorganized PCD1278 Words   |  6 Pagesneed undergo a PCD process to identify and detect objects is in focus. It is important to extract objects, such as edges, pedestrians, curbs, and ends, from PCD. Over the last few years, many efforts have been made to detect objects, such as buildings, doors, etc. (Wang et al. 2014). Cluster analysis is one of the primary methods for enormous data analysis to detect objects, which is a massive PCD processing would help to recognize different natural grouping or structure. In the other word, the clusterRead MoreThe Debate Over The Legalization Of Abortions1172 Words   |  5 Pageslegalization of abortions, many anti-abortion protestors made the sidewalks their platform to get their messages across. Over the years many incidences occurred across United States outside of abortion clinics. In Massachusetts the violence became some prevalent that in 2000 the state court passed the â€Å"Reproductive Health Care Facilities Act†. In 2007, the Act was amendment and â€Å"denied protestors the rights to utilize the sidewalk within 35-feet from the entrance, driveways, and exits of a ReproductiveRead MoreWelcome Home by Jack Levine and City Landscape by Francis Criss1273 Words   |  6 Pageslandscape, as stated in the title. We see buildings, cars, streetlig hts, sidewalks, and more city features of New York City. When looking at these pieces, it is best to use certain modes of analysis. Levine made art that showed how corrupt and unjust he felt that America was. Welcome Home is a work of satire, where he mocks the major general of the army that he himself served in during World War II. The contextual mode of analysis can be used when looking at this work, because it was made right afterRead MoreJose Armas El Tonto Del Barrio1427 Words   |  6 Pagesis a story about Romero Estrada, who is also called El Cotoro because he loves to sing and whistle. He is defined as a man who is touched and has grown to be a standard norm or figure in the Golden Heights Centro where the story revolves. He is also well-known for sweeping the sidewalks and the rest of the town helps him in their own ways. On the other hand, with Einstein’s clever quote, what the story reveals about intelligence and education is that we learn more outside the comforts of the schoolRead MoreRun Lola Run901 Words   |à ‚  4 PagesMovie Analysis Run Lola Run Philosophy In the beginning credits of the movie, the last person we see is a plump Bank Guard with a soccer ball who states, The ball is round. The game lasts ninety minutes. The rest is theory...† and then kicks the ball into the air into a crowd of strangers. Dispersing to move away from the ball this crowd of strangers forms the title of the film when viewed from above. This foreshadows the main themes following in the rest of the movie; the themes of timeRead MoreThe Bluest Eye Essay1462 Words   |  6 PagesToni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye (1970) takes place in Ohio towards the tail end of the depression. The story focuses on the character of Pecola Breedlove who wants to have blue eyes. Pecola becomes convinced that if she had blue eyes her life would be different. Through the eyes of our narrator, Claudia, and her sister Frieda we see the pervasive racism and abuse Pecola is subjected to. Claudia and Frieda act as witnesses to Pecola’s disintegration and as a result, they will spend the rest of theirRead MoreBook Review of Triangle: The Fire That Changed America1473 Words   |  6 PagesTriangle: The Fire That Changed America New York: First Grove Press David Von Drehle 2003 Book Review 1. Did the author make a complete and honest analysis of the topic? This book is about the fire at the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory in New York City in March, 1911. The factory claimed the lives of 146 women and men, mostly young women, during the 30 minutes that the fire blazed. It is still the largest industrial disaster that has ever happened in New York City. The author of the book writes

Essay about The Industrial Revolution - 1394 Words

The Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution was a great leap in manufacturing technology that had many benefits to mankind. The standard of living was raised to a higher level, products were being made could be made more efficiently and with less production costs, and many people became able to support themselves and live a life away from their parents farm. Because of the reduction in production costs, the prices of goods could be reduced as well. This gave the poorer masses more access to manufactured items. The higher demand for goods resulted in a need for more workers. This meant that more people had more money with which to buy more things. This started the cycle that created a society largely dependent upon manufactured†¦show more content†¦The smoke is the product of the burning of impurities, coal, coke, or other fuels. When burning these fuels in massive amounts, with neighboring factories also burning them, the impact on air quality is extreme. To many, black lung disease was a dis ease restricted solely to coal miners, but when coal is burned, many of the constituents of the coal become airborne to easily infect anyones lungs. A study done in the nineteenth century indicated that cigarette smokers in a rural area close to Liverpool had a nine times greater death rate from lung cancer than non-smokers, whereas in Liverpool, the ratio approached 1:1.1 The study also indicated a continually observed pattern of decreased health in urban areas. The factories were producing goods that the people wanted to buy, but it was also killing them. In December of 1952 in London, a lethal smog was responsible for 4000 human deaths. 2 Plant life that surrounded the area was also affected. When smog settles, it blackens the leaves of the plants, preventing them from getting the sunlight necessary for growth. Another modern product of industry that is a large contribution to air pollution is the automobile. In earlier times, gasoline may have contained lead, and when the gasoli ne burns to propel the car, the lead is ejected into the air. Although the intention was aimed in the right direction, the unintended effects are pervasive and often highlyShow MoreRelatedIndustrial Of The Industrial Revolution1666 Words   |  7 PagesMartinez English IV, 1st hour 4/29/16 The Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution set people away from farms and small villages and moved them to cities and towns because of the job opportunities that arose in the cities. The Industrial Revolution not only helped people move along in the late 1700s and early 1800s but also it has made the people what they are today. During the Industrial Revolution, the movement from an agrarian society to an industrial one reshaped the roles of families, widenRead MoreThe Revolution Of The Industrial Revolution917 Words   |  4 PagesWhen thinking of the industrial revolution, I usually correlate this transitional period to great advancements in machinery, and an increase in jobs. However, after looking past the surface of the industrial revolution, in regards to the promise of great wealth, this promise was not kept, along with other issues. I believe that a â€Å"better life† would mean that people would not have to go through the same struggles they once did before the revolution, struggles such as not having a job, money, homeRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution1633 Words   |  7 Pagesmeans of communication, factories to manufacture the products you need, places to work, and ways to travel and transport goods. And what made these possible? The answer is the Industrial Revolution, which started in Europe around the year 1730. A revolution is a major change or turning point in something. The Industrial Revolution was a major turning point in history and in the way people lived. Their careers, living situations, location, values, and daily routines all changed, and they needed it desperatelyRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution943 Words   |  4 PagesThe Industrial Revolution, a Revolution that began in Britain in the nineteenth century, saw people move from working in the farming industry to working in factories. This transition from an agrarian society meant that many people moved to cities in search of jobs. New methods of manufacturing allowed goods to be produced f ar more cheaply and quickly than before. However, the Revolution came with its own negative consequences. The lives of children during the Industrial Revolution were torturousRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution1097 Words   |  5 PagesBefore the advent of the Industrial Revolution, most people resided in small, rural communities where their daily existences revolved around farming. Life for the average person was difficult, as incomes were meager, and malnourishment and disease were common. People produced the bulk of their own food, clothing, furniture and tools. Most manufacturing was done in homes or small, rural shops, using hand tools or simple machines. Did You Know? The word luddite refers to a person who is opposedRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution1090 Words   |  5 PagesShort Term Misery†¦ Long Term Gain There are two major industrializations that have occurred through out history, both which began in England. The Industrial Revolution was from 1750 until 1800. The first and second industrialization were filled with many inventions, new societal ideas, new raw materials, new sources of power, also new ideas and societal implements were made enabling the world and society to evolve. Overall these industrialization was filled with death, neglect, and disease but endedRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution936 Words   |  4 Pageseconomist Robert Emerson Lucas wrote in regards to the Industrial revolution: For the first time in history, the living standards of the masses of ordinary people have begun to undergo sustained growth. The novelty of the discovery that a human society has this potential for generating sustained improvement in the material aspects of the lives of all its members, not just the ruling elite, cannot be overstressed.† (Lucas 2002). The revolution itself was ce ntred in Britain before spreading to theRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution705 Words   |  3 PagesThe Industrial Revolution was the quintessence of capitalistic ideals; it bred controversy that led to Karl Marx’s idea of communism as a massive grass roots reaction to the revolution’s social abuses. Firstly, the Industrial Revolution featured the construction of machines, systems and factories that allowed goods to be manufactured at a faster rate with a lower cost. The seed drill made it so there could be â€Å"a semi-automated, controlled distribution and plantation of wheat seed†(Jones 2013). SecondlyRead MoreIndustrial Revolution1160 Words   |  5 Pagesend of the 19th century, a significant change took place in the fundamental structure of the economy. That change was industrialization. During this time period, the United States of America changed from a large, agricultural country, to an urban industrial society. The process of industrialization began to take place in America, and eventually took over the economy during this period. Entrepreneurs and inventors put together various machines and businesses to help better the country function on aRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution Essay2099 Words   |  9 PagesThe Industrial Revolution was one of the largest social and cultural movements that changed the methods of manufacturing of metal and textiles, the transportation system, economic policies and social structure as well. Before the Industrial Revolution, people used to live by season due to agriculture. They thrived on whatever food was in season. Now, as a result of the Industrial Revolution, we live regimented and almost everything that is made, is mass produced. I will discuss three major topics

Clostridium Difficile Infection for Pseudomembranous Colitis

Question: Discuss about theClostridium Difficile Infection for Pseudomembranous Colitis. Answer: A burdensome problem that has created a plague in the medical field is Clostridium difficileinfection (CDI). This gram positive bacteria in anaerobic in nature and is spore forming. CDI can be cured via the application of intravenous or oral antibiotics. However, recent years has seen the development of more virulent bacterial strains of C.difficile which are drug resistant in nature leading to the generation of recurrent infection (Cole and Stahl 2015). CDI is the leading cause behind antibiotic-associated diarrhoea and pseudomembranous colitis (PMC). It is also responsible for recurrent urinary tract infection and respiratory infection. Transmission of the bacteria mostly takes place via fecal route or orally. C.difficile spores are difficult to kill and are abundant in contaminates surface of the hospitals. Increase rate of application of antibiotics for the treatment of C.difficile infection may make the patient more susceptible towards the infection of other bacteria. The anti-microbial treatment affects the gut microbiota and makes the patient immune depressant thereby increasing the chances of recurrent bacterial infection (Cole and Stahl 2015). The incidence of CDI has surpassed the rates of methicillin-resistantS. aureusinfections. This increased prevalence of CDI has led to corresponding increase in mortality and morbidity. This has coincided with the emergence of a rare strain, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) ribotype 027 or North American Pulse-field type 1 (NAP1). Studies have given the evidence of the presence of ribotype 027 strains during the outbreak of CDI. Such incidences are characterized by increased severity and a greater risk of relapse. Recently, it was reported that additional strains also cause CDI with poor outcomes. The burden of CDI causes a significant financial crisis on the healthcare domain (DePestel and Aronoff 2013). References Cole, S.A. and Stahl, T.J., 2015. Persistent and Recurrent Clostridium difficile Colitis.Clinics in colon and rectal surgery,28(02), pp.065-069. DePestel, D.D. and Aronoff, D.M., 2013. Epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infection.Journal of pharmacy practice,26(5), pp.464-475.

Permit to Work Systems free essay sample

A permit-to-work system is a formal written system used to control certain types of work that are potentially hazardous. A permit-to-work is a document which specifies the work to be done and the precautions to be taken. Permits-to-work form an essential part of safe systems of work for many maintenance activities. They allow work to start only after safe procedures have been defined and they provide a clear record that all foreseeable hazards have been considered. A permit is needed when maintenance work can only be carried out if normal safeguards are dropped or when new hazards are introduced by the work. Examples are, entry into vessels, hot work and pipeline breaking. WHAT IS THE PROBLEM? An HSE survey showed that a third of all accidents in the chemical industry were maintenance-related, the largest single cause being a lack of, or deficiency in, permit-to-work systems. In a study of small and medium-sized chemical factories: I two-thirds of companies were not checking systems adequately; I two-thirds of permits did not adequately identify potential hazards; I nearly half dealt poorly with isolation of plant, electrical equipment, etc; I a third of permits were unclear on what personal protective clothing was needed; I a quarter of permits did not deal adequately with formal hand-back of plant once maintenance work had finished; I in many cases little thought had been given to permit form design. We will write a custom essay sample on Permit to Work Systems or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page While aimed primarily at the chemical industry the guidance provided may have application in other industries. 2 WHAT DO I NEED TO DO? Don’t assume that your system is a good one just because you have not yet had a serious accident. You should critically review your system and ask yourself the following questions. Information I Is the permit-to-work system fully documented, laying down: how the system works; the jobs it is to be used for; the responsibilities and training of those involved; and how to check its operation? I Is there clear identification of who may authorise particular jobs (and any limits to their authority)? I Is there clear identification of who is responsible for specifying the necessary precautions (eg isolation, emergency arrangements, etc)? I Is the permit form clearly laid out? I Does it avoid statements or questions which could be ambiguous or misleading? I Is it designed to allow for use in unusual circumstances? I Does it cover contractors? 3 Selection and training I Are those who issue permits sufficiently knowledgeable concerning the hazards and precautions associated with the plant and proposed work? Do they have the imagination and experience to ask enough ‘what if’ questions to enable them to identify all potential hazards? I Do staff and contractors fully understand the importance of the permit-to-work system and are they trained in its use? Description of the work I Does the permit clearly identify the work to be done and the associated hazards? I Can plans and diagrams be used to assist in the description of the work to be done, its location and limitations? I Is the plant adequately identified, eg by discrete number or tag to assist issuers and users in correctly taking out and following permits? I Is a detailed work method statement given for more complicated tasks? Hazards and precautions I Does the system require the removal of hazards and, where this is not reasonably practicable, effective control? Are the requirements of The Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 1999 (COSHH) and other relevant legislation known and followed by those who issue the permits? I Does the permit state the precautions that have been taken and those that are needed while work is in progress? For instance, are isolations specified and is it clear what personal protective equipment should be used? I Do the precautions cover residual hazards and those that might be introduced by the work, eg welding fume and vapour from cleaning solvents? 4 I Do the Confined Spaces Regulations 1997 apply? If so, has a full risk assessment identified the significant risks and identified alternative methods of working or necessary precautions? Procedures I Does the permit contain clear rules about how the job should be controlled or abandoned in the case of an emergency? I Does the permit have a hand-back procedure incorporating statements that the maintenance work has finished and that the plant has been returned to production staff in

Term Paper by Jasim Essays

Term Paper by Jasim Essays Term Paper by Jasim Essay Term Paper by Jasim Essay Culture is an extremely broad and encompassing term. It includes what we have learned, our history, values, morals, customs, art, and habit. Marketing takes place within a given culture. Marketers should know that experience, history, values, morals, customs, art, habit, etc. vary within a given culture requiring different marketing programs. Not everyone in the same country or society shares the same behavioral pattern of the dominant or main culture. It clearly indicates that there are subcultures, such as those of northerners, southerners, city-dwellers, the poor, teen agers, elderly, religious groups and so on. The identification of a subculture may provide a firm with a segment of a market that it can develop. For example, products have been developed in great quantity for the teenage subculture, and advertising has been directed to these consumers. Each subculture, like a larger culture, has distinctive values, beliefs, and attitudes that the marketer must understand if he is effectively to exploit them. It is not always easy to identify differences among subcultures. It is easy to develop mistaken stereotyped notions about subcultures due to the lack of proper knowledge on subcultures. Marketers are interested in identifying any subculture as a potential market for their products. 1. Origin of the Report Dr. Md. Ashraful Islam Chowdhury, Professor, of Dhaka University, authorized this report in oral, as part of the course curriculum of Consumer Behavior (M-602). This is an individual assignment, which was assigned after a series of class lectures and presentations by the professor. 1. 2 Problem and purpose 1. 2. 1Problem StatementTo analyze the existing subculture in Bangladesh and take appropriate marketing strategy to reach them. 1. 2. 2Objectives of the study Understand the subculture context of Bangladesh Identify different types of subcultures Know how different subcultures affect buying behavior Explain Bangladeshi subculture for marketing decision making. 1. 3 A Preview of the Presentation To give an overview the report begins with a definition and explain what subculture is, then what are the subcultural groups prevailing in Bangladesh their characteristics , consumption pattern and the effective way to reach this subcultural group through marketing strategy. 2. 0 DEFINING SUBCULTURE Subculture is a part of the culture containing the important features of the main culture. In sociology, anthropology and cultural studies, a subculture is a group of people with a culture (whether distinct or hidden) which differentiates them from the larger culture to which they belong. If a particular subculture is characterized by a systematic opposition to the dominant culture, it may be described as a counterculture. As early as 1950, David Riesman distinguished between a majorities, which passively accepted commercially provided styles and meanings, and a subculture which actively sought a minority style. And interpreted it in accordance with subversive values. In his 1979 book Subculture the Meaning of Style, Dick Hebdige argued that a subculture is subversion to normalcy. Hebdige argued that subcultures bring together like-minded individuals who feel neglected by societal standards and allow them to develop a sense of identity. According to the definition of science dictionary A group within a society that has its own shared set of customs, attitudes, and values, often accompanied by jargon or slang. A subculture can be organized around a common activity, occupation, age, status, ethnic background, race, religion, or any other unifying social condition, but the term is often used to describe deviant groups, such as thieves and drug users. As there can be broad differences between the cultures of various societies, there can also be differences within the same culture. Every culture, therefore, contains subcultures, defined as groups that share the values and artifacts of the larger society, but also have distinctive practices, preferences, and beliefs. Businessmen living in the old part of Dhaka, cinema artists, and people living in the urban slums are all examples of subcultures. Islam is the dominant religion in the culture of Bangladesh; sunni, shiaa and Baahaai, for example, may be viewed as subcultures within the larger Muslim culture here in Bangladesh. Figure: Showing Subculture’s Relation with the Main Culture Main Cultural Behavior |Northern subculture | |Urban subculture | | | | | | |Religious subculture | | Berkman and Gilson have defined subculture for marketing purposes as any cultural patterning that preserving important features of the dominant society but provides values and life styles of its own. The cultural profile of a society or nation is a composite of two elements: 1) the unique beliefs, values, and customs subscribed to by members of specific subcultures and 2) the central or core cultural themes that are shared by most of the population, regardless of specific subcultural membership. 3. MAJOR SUB-CULTURAL CATEGORIES IN BANGLADESH 3. 1 Ethnic sub-culture The ethnic subculture is based on the nationality of one’s ancestors who have migrated to a new country. It (nationality) may form a basis for a subculture when the members of that nationality group identify with it and base at least some of their behaviors on the norms of the national group. Ethnic subculture is usually found in affluent countries where people might from other parts of the wor1d with the hope of a better life and live-li-hood. . 1. 1 Character i. It is based on the original nationality ii. Migrated from one country to another or one locality to another. iii. Though the citizens of a particular country see themselves as citizens of that country, but they frequently retain a sense of pride and identification in the tradition and language of their ancestors. iv. Pattered network of groups and organization v. Ethnic subculture provides a psychological source of group identification. 3. 1. 2 Consu mption pattern When ethnic subculture comes to consumer behavior, this ancestral pride is manifested most strongly in the consumption of ethnic foods, in travel to homeland and in the purchase of numerous cultural artifacts. Ethnic clothing, art, music and foreign language newspaper are the commodities which are preferred by the ethnic subcultural people. One’s interest in ethnic goods and services expands rapidly, as one tends to better understand and associates with his ethnic origin. 3. 1. 3 Marketing program To reach this ethnic subcultural people a marketer should understand the consumption pattern of that subculture. In Bangladesh there are foreigner ( people comes from Europe, Australia, USA) who come for their job purpose, but staying in Bangladesh for a long tine, may form a ethnic subculture and prefer fast food, long skirt, trouser, jogging shoe, golf course etc. So marketer should understand the need of this ethnic subcultural people and meet their unsatisfied need. Beharies are the greatest example of ethnic subculture. They use to speak in Urdu. Prefer food like kabab and parata. So to reach them marketer can take niche marketing strategy. 2. Working ladies sub-cultural Through the process of development, the number of working ladies is increasing day by day. The consumption pattern of these ladies varies as they have to maintain their work place as well as a family life. 3. 2. 1 Character i. They have a very short time to prepare food. ii. They have to do their household activity as well as maintain a working life. iii. Sometime they have to stay away their family 3. 2. 3 Consumption pattern This subcultural group used to consume ready food and less time consuming equipment to wash and prepare food like washing machine, micro-wave oven. 4. Marketing program to reach Marketer should take strategy like ready food as 3munites nodules, packet spice and ingredients, washing machine and home cleaner. Ladies hostel for those women who have to stay outside the home. 3. 3 Religious An individual’s religious affiliation influences to great extent his consumption pattern. Those who belong to a particular religion may buy/not buy and use/not use certain goods and services. 3. 3. 1 Character Members of a particular religion constitute what we call religious subculture. Religious beliefs and rituals may dictate the use of certain items and discourage the consumption of others. The bondage or the attachment to religious belief guides a religious person. If the bondage of religion is strong, life will be guided by religious belief rather than logic and vice versa. i. They consume some item heavily during religious festival. ii. Certain items are restricted by the religious belief to consume. iii. Some stimuli influence the consumption. 3. 3. 2 Consumption pattern Muslims buy and consume certain specific food items heavily during the month of ‘Ramadan and buy lot of gifts during the ‘Eid-Ul-Fitr, and discourages its followers the consumption of certain items such as alcoholic beverage. . Marketing program to reach A devout member of ‘Islam’ may consider it immoral to be materialistic, where another member of the same religion may find nothing wrong in becoming materialistic. A marketer of cine-magazine will have no problem in reaching the later person, where it will be almost impossible for him to penetrate the market consisting of pe ople of the other mentality and religious beliefs. So a marketer should be very sensitive to determine a product or service for that particular group of people. 3. 4 Regional The way people lead their lifestyles may also vary according to where they live or from which part of the country they have moved to the other part of the country. People from a particular part of the country or people living in a particular part constitute what we call regional or geographic subculture. On this basis, there could be two different types of regional or geographic subculture. One could be based on geographic region of the country and other could be based on urban, suburban or rural distinction. 3. 4. 1 Character i. Where people live in, the part of a particular country has a certain influence in consumption. ii. The region where from he come has certain consumption pattern. iii. Ecological climate vary and that dictate the consumption. 3. 4. 2 Consumption pattern People from Sylhet, like certain food and beverage, like ‘shatkora’ one kind of lemon, which is used in preparing beef. People from Chittagong like spicy food. Fish is consumed by ever here in Bangladesh, but dry fish is consumed heavily by people living in the southern and coastal areas of Bangladesh. Those living in the hill districts display different patterns in food consumption, housing, and recreation than those of the people living in the other parts of the country. Different geographic regions of the country pose different problems that consumers must solve. The most obvious of these are the climatic conditions. Climatic conditions influence home construction clothing requirements, and recreational opportunities to name but a few. In addition, different regions of the country have different age distributions and different social histories. These variables in combination with the climatic variables have produced differing values and lifestyles which newcomers to a region generally acquire after a period of time. These regional variations influence the use of particular media, the types of products used, and the product attributes considered important. 3. 4. 3 Marketing program to reach Marketer should study the characteristics of that region and the people. A marketer should segment his market to satisfy every group. If s/he produces noodles for every segment he should prepare separate flavor and test. Regional nature, variety should be adopted for the product of service. Regional subcultures clearly influence many aspect of consumer behavior. The consumption process also is influenced by the urban, suburban, and rural distinctions, another type of regional subculture. The urban, and suburbanpeople, prefer ready or instant food, prefer eating out and enjoy their leisure in a way different from rural people. So marketer should identify this subcultural people to serve with certain marketing strategy. 3. 5 Age Subcultures may also be based on the age differences of people living in the same country and belonging to the same main culture. It is likely that those who belong to the teen age group will behave quite differently than those to the teen age group will behave quite differently. Because the outlooks, experiences, attitudes and other aspects vary among people of different age groups, their consumption patterns are likely to vary. 3. 5. 1 Teen agers: The teen agers are to be influenced more by popular heroes and heroines and will display more materialistic lifestyles. The youth market is a significant subculture for the marketer It is important to marketers not- only because it is lucrative, but also because many consumption patterns held throughout life are formed at this time. The youth, as they start their career in this age are flaunt with more luxury items. Since they have little obligation at this can spend whatever they are. Their consumption patterns lean toward personal care and luxury items. 3. 5. 2 The middle aged: This group on the- contrary are matured, worried about the future and making purchase decisions. As an attempt to build a reserve for the future, they are likely to be conservative in buying many material goods, and are found to investments. 3. 5. 3 The elderly people: They display quite different consumption behaviors with that of teen-agers and middle aged people. The elderly subculture consists of people who have gone on retirements or whose regular income generating activities have ceased. 3. 5. 3. 1 Characteristic i. Most of them live with their children; ii. Their health conditions gradually deteriorate; iii. They have emotional difficulties iv. They have minimum amount of money at hands to spend v. They are price/value conscious; vi. They are deal prone; like to shop as it has special meaning; are tuned in to the mass media vii. Read direct mail, package labels, and package inserts. These few characteristics make them behave quite differently than other groups. Because of their differences with other groups, they also require different types of products. 4. Marketing Strategy The elderly people, because of deteriorating health, will require more fat free foods, tonic items, medical advices and medication as well as hospitalization. Since they have limited incomes, they prefer comparison shopping. Because of their maturity and different attitudes, they are skeptical of advertising claims and are influenced more by the informed sources. The emergence of elderly market has created a need for many different types of products sue as old people’s clubs and a number of other products and services. Personal selling is more effective, should be remain careful about the problems of communicating with the elderly. 3. 6 Singles The singles subculture consists of unmarried individuals. This subculture is found to be increasing in urban and semi-urban areas. The size of this subculture is gradually becoming prominent to call a special marketing attention. Quite a few reasons are associated with the growing size of the subculture of the singles. 3. 6. 1 Character They could be delaying marriage; postponement of marriage; higher divorce rates; inability to find a suitable source of earning to bear family expenditures and so on. The singles have some special needs. Which can not be met through normal social interaction. 2. Marketing program to reach Marketers who can recognize their specific needs and can develop products aimed at meeting those specific needs can reap a considerable benefit. ingles night clubs; exotic telephone talk services, dating services, artificial sexual organs, bachelors’ hostels/mess, product that promise sex appeals, convenience foods, restaurants, sports equipment, etc. , could be some of the examples of products and services aimed at the subculture of singles. In a country like ours, the singles subculture is growing prominent in the urban areas, and as a result lot of hostels for both males and females have been established aiming to provide accommodation services to singles. 3. 7 Gender Subculture may also be formed based on gender difference, such as subculture of males and subculture of females. Since every society emphasizes distinct, specific roles for men and women, they are likely to behave differently. 3. 7. 1 Characteristic i. As their behaviors vary, they consume differenttypes of products and respond differently to marketing appeals. ii. Men are influenced more by aggressiveness, competitiveness, independence, self-confidence, and masculinity. iii. Women are influenced by neatness, gentleness, tactfulness, talkativeness, and feminity. 3. 7. 2 Marketing Strategy There are products which are equally used by men and women. But, different appeals in the same product are needed for these two groups. Cosmetics, perfumes, clothing, bicycles etc. , are used both by men and women. But different designs, colors, sizes, shapes, and fragrances are provided for by the marketers to appeal people of different sex. Bicycle is designed differently for men and women. Even promotional appeals are made different for these two groups. Again, among the females, those who are professionals, behave differently than those of non professionals /housewives. The working women, particularly those, who are married, will again require different types of products and services that may not be bought by unmarried working women. The shopping patterns of these two groups will also vary. Since characteristics, attitudes, and needs vary between these two groups they may be considered as two different market segments. 3. 8 Occupation People display different patterns of purchase behaviors according to their occupational involvement. People of different occupations may constitute occupational subcultures, such as subculture of the doctors, subculture of the lawyers, subculture of the teachers, subculture of the engineers, subculture of the defense personnel. . 8. 1 Characteristics A defense officer, will show different purchase behavior than someone belonging to the civilians’ society. Doctors’ may look at the nutritional aspect while buying a food item. 2. Marketing Strategy Marketers should recognize the differences in attitudes and behaviors among people of different occupations and formulate marketing strategies accordingly to be successful in each specific subculture. 3. 9 Social Class Social c lass may also be used as a determinant of subcultural differences. There could be subculture of the well-offs, subeulture of the middle class and subculture of the poor. 3. 9. 1 Rich subculture: People belonging to the subculture of the rich will display altogether different buying behavior than those of middle class and poor’s. Rich will be very selective in their purchases; 3. 9. 2 Middle-class Subculture: People of the middle class will have substantial control over their consumption decisions; poors will be very careful and cautious in taking their purchase decisions. 3. 9. Poor’s Subculture: The subculture of poverty consists of people living below the poverty line. Because of their low incomes, they will avoid buying pre-packed, instant, frozen food items as they are likely to be costlier than the fresh staple or as they have limited educational opportunities, they develop different attitudes, outlooks, and motivation resulting in different buying behaviors on the part of them. Most of their incomes are spent on basic necessities such as food, and housing. Only a small amount of their incomes are spent on clothing, transportation, recreation, and luxury. They basically look at low-cost items, favor shops where they get credit, and are attracted by different inducements offered by the marketers. 4. 0 CONCLUSION Subculture may be categorized into many different classes. Though in Bangladesh consist many subculture, we consider some of the important subcultural groups and show how they affect consumption and marketing decision. Because of the important differences within any culture, marketers must be aware of diverse subcultures -examining them individually and on their own terms. Those identified with a subculture tend to think and act alike in certain respects, and this has important implications for their lifestyle. Recognition of this has led to experimentation with market segmentation as a means of developing effective marketing strategy adapted to market targets that are believed to ha special promise. Marketers must recognize that even though their operations are confined to a particular country, or a division or district, or even to one city, subcultural differences’ may dictate considerable variations in what, how and when people buy. To deal with these differences effectively, marketers may have to alter their product, distribution systems, price, or promotion to satisfy members of particular subcultures. Bibliography Books 1. Chowdhury, Ashraful Islam; Consumer Behavior; seventh edition. Bangladesh Open University; 2007. 2. Philip Kotler and Armstrong Gray (2006); Principles of Marketing, Twelveth Edition 3. Lesikar, Raymond V and Marie E. Flatley. Basic Business Communication, 10th Edition. McGraw-Hill Company Inc. , New York 2005 Web sites http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Youth_subculture http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Subculture

Affirmative Action Affirmative Action Essays

Affirmative Action Affirmative Action Essays The lawsuit sent shockwaves across the nation. Though the case centered on college admission practices, affirmative action plays a role in many everyday matters, especially towards procedures regarding employment. Before delving into discourse and opinions, the background and history of affirmative action should be discussed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  According to writer Stephen Cahn, affirmative action’s origins stem from an executive order that John F. Kennedy wrote in regards to the hiring practices of employers. Cahn writes that the President’s Committee on Equal Opportunity Employment stated federal contractors â€Å"...will not discriminate against any employee or applicant for employment because of race, creed, color, or national origin. The Contractor will take affirmative action, to ensure that applicants are employed, and that employees are treated during employment, without regard to their race, creed, color, or national origin." The principle of this order from President Kennedy was more developed with the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which in part stated that "No person in the United States shall, on the grounds of race, color or national origin, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity receiving federa l financial assistance." About one year later, President Lyndon B. Johnson defined the concept of affirmative action emphasizing that civil rights laws alone were not enough to resolve discrimination. Just months later, President Johnson issued an order to enforce affirmative action toward prospective minority employees in all aspects of hiring and employment. Employers must take specific measures to ensure equality in hiring and must document these efforts.

Assisted Migration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Assisted Migration - Essay Example The traditional environmental preservation concept sought to preserve the environmental conditions, and thus make them more suitable and habitable for the plant and animal species, without any interference with the species that would entail moving them. Climatic change has occurred following global warming, deforestation and other human-interruptive environmental activities, which has rendered the climate and the habitats for various species to consistently change, and thus become less habitable by the species that previously lived in such environments (Assisted Migration, 84). With these changes, the species of organisms are trying to move from the regions where the environmental conditions have been disrupted, to the regions where the environment is naturally suitable for them. This discussion seeks to argue that we ought to engage in Assisted Migration. Explanation of an argument Assisted Migration is necessary in the modern climatic conditions, to ensure that the plant and animal species that are living in regions that do not favor them, are rescued and moved to other regions, where they can co-exist favorably and continue to thrive. Human beings are the ultimate contributors to the environmental and the climatic changes that have been experienced in the world (Assisted Migration, 77). ... ensure that the living organisms have been moved to the safer and environmentally friendly regions, which are compatible with their natural requirements. Considering that the damage is already done in certain environmental conditions where such species used to co-exist, the only way of guarding against the extinction of such species is finding for a favorable environment for them, and then moving the species there. It is therefore the responsibility of human beings to ensure that the species that would have survived, without the climate change that the humans have caused, continues to survive, no matter what (Assisted Migration, 77). This commitment requires that humans will do everything, even if it means moving the organisms that are stressed out to an environment that is friendly to them, as long as it is sure that the species will thrive under the new climate. This serves as the fundamental basis for supporting the thesis that; we ought to engage in Assisted Migration, since the survival and safeguarding against the extinction of endangered species is paramount, which calls for the necessary measures to be adopted to ensure the survival of such organisms, notwithstanding the costs or the implication of this act on the organisms’ baseline (Assisted Migration, 76). Reasonable criticism to the argument While the concept of Assisted Migration is vital to ensure the survival and continued thrive of endangered species, while guarding them against extinction, it is detrimental and disruptive to the natural species, since it amounts to the creation of invasive species (Assisted Migration, 78). Thus, any attempt to move organisms from their natural habitat to a different one, despite the fact that it would enhance the survival of such species, will violate the integrity